Part 3: Object-Oriented Programming Intermediate

Từ tư duy thủ tục sang tư duy đối tượng — Mô hình hóa thế giới thực bằng C++ Classes

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Tại sao OOP?

OOP không chỉ là "cách viết code khác" — nó là cách tư duy về phần mềm. Thay vì nghĩ "làm gì" (functions), ta nghĩ "ai làm gì" (objects).

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              PROCEDURAL vs OOP THINKING                         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                 │
│  PROCEDURAL (C-style)          OOP (C++ Classes)               │
│  ─────────────────────         ─────────────────               │
│                                                                 │
│  struct Player {               class Player {                  │
│    int health;                 private:                        │
│    int mana;                     int health_;                  │
│  };                              int mana_;                    │
│                                public:                         │
│  void attack(Player* p,          void attack(Enemy& target);  │
│               Enemy* e);         void heal(int amount);       │
│  void heal(Player* p,          };                             │
│             int amount);                                       │
│                                                                 │
│  // Data và functions tách rời  // Data + behavior = Object   │
│                                                                 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

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Module Structure

📘 Part 1: Encapsulation & Abstraction

Topic	Description
Tại sao OOP?	Philosophy, mapping real world to code
Class Anatomy	Members, Methods, Constructor/Destructor
Access Modifiers	public, private, protected, Data Hiding
The this Pointer	What it is and when to use
Member Initialization	Modern initialization list
🎮 RPG Character Project	Practical example

📙 Part 2: Inheritance & Polymorphism

Topic	Description
Inheritance Basics	Base/Derived classes, access specifiers
Virtual Functions	virtual, override, final, vtable
Polymorphism	Runtime dispatch, OCP principle
Abstract Classes	Pure virtual, interfaces
🎮 RPG Class System	Warrior/Mage/Rogue implementation

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Prerequisites

Trước khi bắt đầu Part 3, bạn cần nắm vững:

📋 YÊU CẦU

• ✅ Pointers & References
• ✅ Functions (pass-by-reference)
• ✅ Scope & Lifetime
• ✅ const Best Practices

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Learning Path

Part 1: Encapsulation

1. 🎯 Tại sao OOP? — Philosophy
2. 🏗️ Class Anatomy — Cấu trúc class
3. 🔒 Access Modifiers — Data hiding
4. 👆 The this Pointer — Self-reference
5. ⚡ Member Initialization — Modern patterns
6. 🎮 RPG Character Project — Thực hành

Part 2: Inheritance

7. 🧬 Inheritance — Base/Derived classes
8. 🎭 Virtual Functions — Runtime dispatch
9. 🔮 Polymorphism — One interface, many forms
10. 📐 Abstract Classes — Interfaces
11. 🎮 RPG Class System — Warrior/Mage/Rogue

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"Object-oriented programming lets you think in terms of problems rather than the machine." — Alan Kay